Help:Displaying a formula - Revision history

Evilscientist: More clean up

2009-12-08T21:44:44Z

More clean up

Evilscientist: /* Syntax */ cleanup

2009-11-16T17:55:48Z

‎Syntax: cleanup

Evilscientist: more import cleanup

2009-11-16T17:52:22Z

more import cleanup

Evilscientist: /* Pros of TeX */ import cleanup

2009-11-16T17:02:35Z

‎Pros of TeX: import cleanup

Evilscientist: /* Color */ remove wikipedia style reference

2009-11-16T17:01:33Z

‎Color: remove wikipedia style reference

Evilscientist: continue import cleanup

2009-11-16T16:58:36Z

continue import cleanup

Evilscientist: continue import cleanup

2009-11-16T16:36:49Z

continue import cleanup

Evilscientist: continue import repair

2009-11-16T13:47:17Z

continue import repair

Evilscientist: continue import clean up

2009-11-15T13:53:01Z

continue import clean up

Evilscientist: begin cleanup of import

2009-11-14T14:01:45Z

begin cleanup of import

@@ Line 1,015: / Line 1,015: @@
 === Diagrams in TeX ===
-[http://www.tug.org/applications/Xy-pic/ Xy-pic] ([http://tex.loria.fr/graph-pack/doc-xypic/xyguide-html/xyguide-html.html online manual]) is the most powerful and general-purpose diagram package in [[TeX]].
+[http://www.tug.org/applications/Xy-pic/ Xy-pic] ([http://tex.loria.fr/graph-pack/doc-xypic/xyguide-html/xyguide-html.html online manual]) is the most powerful and general-purpose diagram package in TeX.
 Simpler packages include:
@@ Line 1,224: / Line 1,224: @@
 *[http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html AMS-LaTeX guide].
 *[http://us.metamath.org/symbols/symbols.html A set of public domain fixed-size math symbol bitmaps].
-*[[w:MathML|MathML]]: A product of the [[w:W3C|W3C]] [http://www.w3.org/Math/ Math working group], is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication.
+*MathML: A product of the W3C [http://www.w3.org/Math/ Math working group], is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 ==Technicals==
 ===Syntax===
-Math markup goes inside <code><nowiki><math> ... </math></nowiki></code>. The [[Help:Edit toolbar|edit toolbar]] has a button for this: [[Image:Math icon.png|{{MediaWiki:Math tip}}]].
+Math markup goes inside <code><nowiki><math> ... </math></nowiki></code>. The edit toolbar has a button for this..
 Similar to HTML, in TeX extra spaces and newlines are ignored.
 The TeX code has to be put literally: MediaWiki templates, predefined templates, and parameters cannot be used within math tags: pairs of double braces are ignored and "#" gives an error message. However, math tags work in the then and else part of #if, etc.
 ===Rendering===

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 # Formulae typeset with HTML code will be accessible to client-side script links (a.k.a. scriptlets).
 # The display of a formula entered using mathematical templates can be conveniently altered by modifying the templates involved; this modification will affect all relevant formulae without any manual intervention.
-# The HTML code, if entered diligently, will contain all semantic information to transform the equation back to TeX or any other code as needed.  It can even contain differences TeX does not normally catch, e.g. <code><nowiki>{{math|''i''}}</nowiki></code> for the [[w:imaginary unit|imaginary unit]] and <code><nowiki>{{math|<VAR>i</VAR>}}</nowiki></code> for an arbitrary index variable.
+# The HTML code, if entered diligently, will contain all semantic information to transform the equation back to TeX or any other code as needed.  It can even contain differences TeX does not normally catch, e.g. <code><nowiki>{{math|''i''}}</nowiki></code> for the imaginary unit and <code><nowiki>{{math|<VAR>i</VAR>}}</nowiki></code> for an arbitrary index variable.
 ===Pros of TeX===
@@ Line 575: / Line 575: @@
 == Alphabets and typefaces ==
-[[w:Texvc|Texvc]] cannot render arbitrary [[w:Unicode|Unicode]] characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below.
+Texvc cannot render arbitrary Unicode characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below.
-For others, such as [[w:Cyrillic|Cyrillic]], they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.
+For others, such as Cyrillic, they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 1,009: / Line 1,009: @@
 == Commutative diagrams ==
-To make a [[en:Commutative diagram|commutative diagram]], there are three steps:
+To make a commutative diagram, there are three steps:
-* Write the diagram in [[en:TeX|TeX]]
+* Write the diagram in TeX
-* Convert to [[en:SVG|SVG]]
+* Convert to SVG
-* [[commons:Commons:First steps/Upload form|Upload the file]] to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]
+* Upload the file.
 === Diagrams in TeX ===
@@ Line 1,018: / Line 1,018: @@
 Simpler packages include:
-* [[en:American Mathematical Society|AMS]]'s [http://www.dante.de/CTAN//help/Catalogue/entries/amscd.html amscd]
+* AMS's [http://www.dante.de/CTAN//help/Catalogue/entries/amscd.html amscd]
 * Paul Taylor's [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/generic/diagrams/taylor/ diagrams]
 * François Borceux [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/borceux.html Diagrams]
-The following is a template for Xy-pic, together with a [[en:Hack (technology)|hack]] to increase the [[en:Margin (typography)|margins]] in [[en:dvips|dvips]], so that the diagram is not truncated by over-eager cropping
+The following is a template for Xy-pic, together with a hack to increase the margins in dvips, so that the diagram is not truncated by over-eager cropping
-(suggested in [[en:TUGboat|TUGboat]]:[http://www.kpsscafe.com kpss] [http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-3/tb52rahtz.pdf TUGboat, Volume 17 1996, No. 3]):
+(suggested in TUGboat:[http://www.kpsscafe.com kpss] [http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-3/tb52rahtz.pdf TUGboat, Volume 17 1996, No. 3]):
 <pre>
 \documentclass{amsart}
@@ Line 1,073: / Line 1,073: @@
 ==== Programs ====
-In general, you will not be able to get anywhere with diagrams without TeX and Ghostscript, and the <code>inkscape</code> program is a useful tool for creating or modifying your diagrams by hand.  There is also a utility <code>pstoedit</code> which supports direct conversion from Postscript files to many vector graphics formats, but it requires a non-free plugin to convert to SVG, and regardless of the format, [[w:user:Ryan Reich|this editor]] has not been successful in using it to convert diagrams with diagonal arrows from TeX-created files.
+In general, you will not be able to get anywhere with diagrams without TeX and Ghostscript, and the <code>inkscape</code> program is a useful tool for creating or modifying your diagrams by hand.  There is also a utility <code>pstoedit</code> which supports direct conversion from Postscript files to many vector graphics formats, but it requires a non-free plugin to convert to SVG, and regardless of the format, this editor has not been successful in using it to convert diagrams with diagonal arrows from TeX-created files.
 These programs are:
-* a working TeX distribution, such as [[en:TeX Live|TeX Live]]
+* a working TeX distribution, such as TeX Live
-* [[en:Ghostscript|Ghostscript]]
+* Ghostscript
-* [[en:pstoedit|pstoedit]]
+* pstoedit
-* [[en:Inkscape|Inkscape]]
+* Inkscape
 === Upload the file ===
-As the diagram is your own work, upload it to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]], so that all projects (notably, all languages) can use it without having to copy it to their language's Wiki. (If you've previously uploaded a file to somewhere other than Commons, [[en:Wikipedia:Moving images to the Commons|transwiki it]] to Commons.)
+As the diagram is your own work, upload it.
-;Check size: Before uploading, check that the default size of the image is neither too large nor too small by opening in an [[SVG#Support in applications|SVG application]] and viewing at default size (100% scaling), otherwise adjust the <tt>-y</tt> option to <tt>dvips</tt>.
-;Name: Make sure the file has a [[en:Wikipedia:Naming_conventions|meaningful name]].
-;Upload: [[commons:Special:Userlogin|Login to Wikimedia Commons]], then <span class="plainlinks">[http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Upload&uselang=ownwork upload the file]</span>; for the '''Summary''', give a brief description.
-Now go to the [[en:Help:Image page|image page]] and add a [[commons:Commons:First steps/Quality and description#Good file descriptions|description]], including the '''source code''', using this template (using <tt>{{[[commons:Template:Information|Information]]}}</tt>):
-−
-  <nowiki>{{</nowiki>Information
- |Description =
- <nowiki>{{</nowiki>en| '''Description <nowiki>[[</nowiki>:en:Link to WP page|topic]]'''
- }}
- |Source = Own work, created as per:
- <nowiki>[[</nowiki>:en:meta:Help:Displaying a formula#Commutative diagrams]]; source code below.
- |Date = '''The Creation Date, like 1999-12-31'''
- |Author = '''<nowiki>[[</nowiki>User:YourUserName|Your Real Name]]'''
- |Permission = Public domain; '''(or [[commons:Licensing#Well-known_licenses|other license]])''' see below.
- }}
   == LaTeX source ==
@@ Line 1,115: / Line 1,103: @@
 ;Source code:
-* Include the source code in the [[en:Help:Image page|image page]], in a <tt>LaTeX source</tt> section, so that the diagram can be edited in future.
+* Include the source code in the image page, in a <tt>LaTeX source</tt> section, so that the diagram can be edited in future.
 * Include the complete <tt>.tex</tt> file, not just the fragment, so future editors do not need to reconstruct a compilable file.
 ;License: The most common license for commutative diagrams is <tt>[[commons:Template:PD-self|PD-self]]</tt>; some use <tt>[[commons:Template:PD-self|PD-ineligible]]</tt>, especially for simple diagrams, or other licenses. Please ''do not'' use the [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GFDL], as it requires the entire text of the GFDL to be attached to any document that uses the diagram.

@@ Line 111: / Line 111: @@
 # TeX has been specifically designed for typesetting formulae, so input is easier and more natural if you are accustomed to it, and output is more aesthetically pleasing if you focus on a single formula rather than on the whole containing page.
 # One consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that TeX code can be transformed into HTML, but not vice-versa.{{ref|dilHTML}}  This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc.  Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of TeX.  It is true that the current situation is not ideal, but that is not a good reason to drop information/contents.  It is more a reason to [[#Bug_reports|help improve the situation]].
-# Another consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that TeX can be converted to [[w:MathML|MathML]] for browsers which support it, thus keeping its semantics and allowing the rendering to be better suited for the reader&rsquo;s graphic device.
+# Another consequence of point&nbsp;1 is that TeX can be converted to MathML for browsers which support it, thus keeping its semantics and allowing the rendering to be better suited for the reader&rsquo;s graphic device.
 # When writing in TeX, editors need not worry about whether this or that version of this or that browser supports this or that HTML entity. The burden of these decisions is put on the software. This does not hold for HTML formulae, which can easily end up being rendered wrongly or differently from the editor&rsquo;s intentions on a different browser.{{ref|browsupp}}
 # More importantly, the serif font used for rendering formulae is browser-dependent and it may be missing some important glyphs.  While the browser generally capable to substitute a matching glyph from a different font family, it need not be the case for combined glyphs (compare&nbsp;&lsquo;&nbsp;<VAR>{{IPA|a&#773;}}</VAR>&nbsp;&rsquo; and&nbsp;&lsquo;&nbsp;<VAR STYLE="FONT-FAMILY: SERIF">a&#773;</VAR>&nbsp;&rsquo;).

@@ Line 855: / Line 855: @@
 See here for [http://oregonstate.edu/%7Epeterseb/tex/samples/docs/color-package-demo.pdf all named colors] supported by LaTeX.
-Note that color should not be used as the ''only'' way to identify something, because it will become meaningless on black-and-white media or for color-blind people.  See [[en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Color coding]].
+Note that color should not be used as the ''only'' way to identify something, because it will become meaningless on black-and-white media or for color-blind people.
 == Formatting issues ==

@@ Line 379: / Line 379: @@
 <td><code>\frac{1}{2}=0.5</code></td>
 <td><math>\frac{1}{2}=0.5</math></td>
 </tr>
@@ Line 399: / Line 387: @@
 </tr>
 <tr>
@@ Line 475: / Line 445: @@
 \end{pmatrix}</math></td>
 </tr>
@@ Line 506: / Line 462: @@
 </tr>
 <tr>
@@ Line 587: / Line 488: @@
 </tr>
-<tr>
-<td>Arrays</td>
-<td><pre>
-\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
-\hline
-&0&1\\
-&1&1\\
-&0&1\\
-&1&0\\
-\end{array}
-</pre></td>
-<td><math>
-\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
-\hline
-&0&1\\
-&1&1\\
-&0&1\\
-&1&0\\
-\end{array}
-</math></td>
-</tr>
 </table>

@@ Line 278: / Line 278: @@
 ! colspan="2" |
 == Larger Expressions ==
@@ Line 359: / Line 300: @@
 |-
 |Super super||<code>10^{10^{ \,\!{8} }</code>||colspan=2|<math>10^{10^{ \,\! 8 } }</math>
 |-
 |Super super (wrong in HTML in some browsers)||<code>10^{10^8}</code> ||colspan=2|<math>10^{10^8}</math>
 |-
-|rowspan="2"|Preceding and/or Additional sub & super||<code>\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</code>||colspan=2|<math>\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</math>
+|rowspan="2"|Preceding and/or Additional sub & super
 |-
 |<code>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</code>||colspan=2|<math>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</math>
 |-
 |Derivative (forced PNG)||<code>x', y<nowiki>''</nowiki>, f', f<nowiki>''</nowiki>\!</code>||&nbsp;||<math>x', y'', f', f''\!</math>
@@ Line 392: / Line 322: @@
 |-
 |<code>\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</code>||colspan=2|<math>\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</math>
 |-
 |Overbraces||<code>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</code>||colspan=2|<math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>

@@ Line 279: / Line 279: @@
 <h3>Unsorted (new stuff)</h3>
 |-
 |<code> \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge</code>

@@ Line 225: / Line 225: @@
 ! colspan="2" | <h3>Relations</h3>
 |-
-|<code>\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}</code>
+|<code> \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  {=}</code>
-|<math>\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\,\!</math>
+|<math> \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  {=}\,\!</math>
 |-
 |<code>\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto</code>
 |<math>\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto\,\!</math>
 |-
 ! colspan="2" |
@@ Line 245: / Line 242: @@
 <h3>Arrows</h3>
 |-
-|<code>\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow</code>
+|<code>\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow </code>
-|<math>\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,\!</math>
+|<math>\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow  \longleftarrow \longrightarrow  \,\!</math>
 |-
-|<code>\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)</code>
+|<code>\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)</code>
-|<math>\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \!</math>
+|<math>\Leftarrow \Rightarrow  \Leftrightarrow  \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \!</math>
 |-
 |<code>\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow</code>
 |<math>\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow \!</math>
 |-
-|<code>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons</code>
+|<code>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright </code>
-|<math>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\!</math>
+|<math>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright  \,\!</math>
-|-
-|<code>\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright</code>
-|<math>\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\!</math>
-|-
-|<code>\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft</code>
-|<math>\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\!</math>
 |-
-|<code>\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow </code>
+|<code>\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow    </code>
-|<math>\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,\!</math>
+|<math>\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow   \,\!</math>
 |-
 ! colspan="2" |

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{H:h|editor toc}}
+MediaWiki uses a subset of '''TeX markup''', including some extensions from LaTeX and AMS-Latex, for mathematical formulae. It generates either PNG images or simple HTML markup, depending on [[Help:Preferences#Rendering_math|user preferences]] and the complexity of the expression. In the future, as more browsers are smarter, it will be able to generate enhanced HTML or even MathML in many cases.
-{{other languages/Help:Displaying a formula}}
-[[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] uses a subset of '''[[w:TeX|TeX]] markup''', including some extensions from [[w:LaTeX|LaTeX]] and [[w:AMS-Latex|AMS-LaTeX]], for mathematical formulae. It generates either [[w:PNG|PNG]] images or simple [[w:HTML|HTML]] markup, depending on [[Help:Preferences#Rendering_math|user preferences]] and the complexity of the expression. In the future, as more browsers are smarter, it will be able to generate enhanced HTML or even [[w:MathML|MathML]] in many cases.  (See [[mw:blahtex|blahtex]] for information about current work on adding MathML support.)
+More precisely, MediaWiki filters the markup through Texvc, which in turn passes the commands to TeX for the actual rendering. Thus, only a limited part of the full TeX language is supported; see below for details.
 __TOC__
@@ Line 15: / Line 11: @@
 Similar to HTML, in TeX extra spaces and newlines are ignored.
-The TeX code has to be put literally: MediaWiki templates, predefined templates, and parameters cannot be used within math tags: pairs of double braces are ignored and "#" gives an error message. However, math tags work in the then and else part of #if, etc. See {{links-small|template|Demo of attempt to use parameters within TeX}} for more information.
+The TeX code has to be put literally: MediaWiki templates, predefined templates, and parameters cannot be used within math tags: pairs of double braces are ignored and "#" gives an error message. However, math tags work in the then and else part of #if, etc.
 ===Rendering===
-The PNG images are black on white (not transparent) (see [[bugzilla:8|bug 8]] for details). These colors, as well as font sizes and types, are independent of browser settings or CSS. Font sizes and types will often deviate from what HTML renders. Vertical alignment with the surrounding text can also be a problem. The [[Help:User style#CSS selectors|css selector]] of the images is <code>img.tex</code>.
+The PNG images are black on white (not transparent). These colors, as well as font sizes and types, are independent of browser settings or CSS. Font sizes and types will often deviate from what HTML renders. Vertical alignment with the surrounding text can also be a problem. The css selector of the images is <code>img.tex</code>.
-It should be pointed out that solutions to most of these shortcomings have been proposed by [[m:Help talk:Displaying a formula/Archives/2005#Maynard Handley's suggestions|Maynard Handley]], but have not been implemented yet.
+It should be pointed out that solutions to most of these shortcomings have been proposed but have not been implemented yet.
 The <code>alt</code> attribute of the PNG images (the text that is displayed if your browser can't display images; Internet Explorer shows it up in the hover box) is the wikitext that produced them, excluding the <code><nowiki><math></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki></math></nowiki></code>.
-Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics for variables, letters are in italics; digits are not. For other text, (like variable labels) to avoid being rendered in italics like variables, use <code>\text</code>, <code>\mbox</code>, or <code>\mathrm</code>. For example, <code><nowiki><math>\text{abc}</math></nowiki></code> gives <math>\text{abc}</math>. This does not work for special characters, they are ignored unless the whole <nowiki><math></nowiki> expression is rendered in HTML:
+Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics for variables, letters are in italics; digits are not. Other text is not supported.
-−
-*<nowiki><math>\text {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ}</math></nowiki>
-*<nowiki><math>\text {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ}\,</math></nowiki>
-−
-gives:
-−
-*<math>\text {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ}</math>
-*<math>\text {abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿ}\,</math>
-−
-See [[bugzilla:798|bug 798]] for details.
 ==TeX vs HTML==
@@ Line 1,445: / Line 1,431: @@
 </center>
 == External links ==
@@ Line 1,464: / Line 1,440: @@
 *[http://us.metamath.org/symbols/symbols.html A set of public domain fixed-size math symbol bitmaps].
 *[[w:MathML|MathML]]: A product of the [[w:W3C|W3C]] [http://www.w3.org/Math/ Math working group], is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication.